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Lasioglossum zephyrum
''Lasioglossum zephyrum'' is a sweat bee of the family Halictidae, found in the U.S. and Canada. It is considered a primitively eusocial bee (meaning that they do not have a permanent division of labor within colonies),〔Batra, S. W. T. 1966. The life cycle and behavior of the primitively social bee Lasioglossum zephyrum (Halictidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 46:359–423.〕 although it may be facultatively solitary (i.e., displaying both solitary and eusocial behaviors).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bugguide.net/node/view/179479 )〕〔(Interactions in Colonies of Primitively Social Bees: Artificial Colonies of Lasioglossum zephyrum ). ''PNAS''. Retrieved 08-27-2011.〕 The species nests in underground burrows and has been observed forcing open unbloomed flowers of species ''Xyris tennesseensis'' to extract the pollen, ensuring first and exclusive access.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The order Hymenoptera contains more eusocial species than any other order. Eusociality has many origins and is present in many degrees within Hymenoptera, with ''L. zephyrum'' being one of the more primitive examples.〔〔 The genus ''Lasioglossum'' is predominantly eusocial, but has a high level of variation in sociality.〔 For instance, ''Lasioglossum zephyrum,'' as well as another species of this order ''Halictus ligatus'', are known for their characteristic primitively eusocial behavior.This unique type of eusociality gives insight about the evolutionary background of eusociality of these species.〔Pabalan, N., K.G. Davey, and L. Packer. "Escalation of Aggressive Interactions During Staged Encounters in Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), with a Comparison of Circle Tube Behaviors with Other Halictine Species'." ''Journal of Insect Behavior'' 13.5 (2000): 627-650.〕 Six species within this genus have reverted back to solitary life, social polymorphism, or parasitism.〔
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